What are A2L Refrigerants? A Homeowner’s Guide

The switch to A2L refrigerants directly impacts homeowners’ HVAC systems, but many may be scratching their heads as to how—and wondering what refrigerants are in the first place, let alone the A2L kind.

So, listen up, homeowners: Here’s everything to know about what refrigerants are and what the new regulations mean for your home.

What are refrigerants?

Refrigerants are a key part of the cooling process in an HVAC system. Refrigerants are substances that travel through your HVAC system and make it possible to have your home at the peak comfort. As refrigerants work their way through an air conditioner, they change from liquid to gas, absorbing heat from inside your home and releasing it outside. This process makes it possible to deliver cool air into your home.

Over the years, there have been many different types of refrigerants used in air conditioners. Many of the previous refrigerants used, such as hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), including R-22, have been phased out due to their impacts on the environment. More recently, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), including R410A, have been more prevalent because, with no chlorine in the mix, HFCs are safer for the environment.

But starting January 1, 2025, new regulations from the Environmental Protection Agency will limit refrigerants’ global warming potential (GWP) to 700, phasing out all refrigerants with a GWP higher than 700. This includes the common refrigerant R-410A. In its place, A2L refrigerants, such as R-454B and R-32, will be the new norm.

This new requirement will result in a 78% lower GWP than previous-generation refrigerants—with only minimal changes to system installation. For us, this is another step toward our continued sustainability goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, while still delivering an exceptional level of energy efficient, dependable comfort.

What are A2L refrigerants?

A2L refrigerants are characterized by mild flammability, low toxicity, and low GWP. They A2L include hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) and HFO blends.

Because of their low GWP, A2L refrigerants have emerged as a replacement for older, higher-impact refrigerants like HCFCs and HFCs, which means that they will make our heating and cooling systems—and your home—more environmentally friendly.

What do I need to do for the A2L refrigerant switch starting January 1?

If your home heating and cooling system is working properly, there is nothing you’ll need to do for the transition immediately. But keep in mind that if your system uses refrigerant such as R410A, maintenance may be more challenging in the future only if you experience a refrigerant leak or need a repair that would require refrigerant to be added. Other than that, maintenance and associated costs will remain the same.

If you’re looking to buy a new HVAC system, ask your contractor about installing equipment with A2L refrigerants. Not only will the equipment use more environmentally friendly refrigerants, but new systems using A2Ls could also be more energy efficient, helping you to save on energy costs. Purchasing efficient heating and cooling systems may also make you eligible for federal tax credits and incentives.

All in all, the switch to A2L refrigerants should not have a big impact on day-to-day heating and cooling needs. As 2025 and the refrigerant change comes closer, Rheem will be sure to keep you informed on the latest information.

Is your HVAC due for a maintenance check? Find a Rheem Pro Partner® near you to keep your home at peak comfort.